On 19 April 1856, the first passenger service ran from Adelaide to Port Adelaide, carrying Governor of South Australia Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell and other dignitaries to a celebratory lunch.
Just two days later, the Port line opened for public service becoming the first government-owned and operated steam railway in the British Empire.
That inaugural journey, led by Locomotive 1 Adelaide, marked the beginning of South Australia’s passenger rail network.
The original 12km single-track line ran via Bowden, Woodville and Alberton, terminating at the original Port Dock station.
Early passengers travelled in trains built in Manchester named Adelaide, Victoria and 
Albert and generally paid a few shillings per trip. Services were modest by today’s standards - six trains a day and two on Sundays - but they were just the start of a network that would shape how South Australians moved.
Railways steadily extended across the state, north to Gawler and beyond, west to the Port and later into regional and mining areas that were vital for prosperity.
For decades, trains carried everything from copper and livestock to commuters and students, linking industry, education and everyday life across the state.
Today, Adelaide Railway Station serves as a gateway to the city. It’s a familiar presence in the city’s daily rhythm, retaining nine platforms that see 675 train services each weekday and becomes a major hub during special events, particularly game days at Adelaide Oval.
Adelaide Metro’s 84-train fleet, currently comprising 34 electric and 50 hybrid-diesel trains, saw almost 12 million total validations last year, an average of more than 226,000 validations every week.
Adelaide’s busiest lines continue to reflect the city’s growth and changing travel patterns, with the Seaford, Gawler, Belair and Outer Harbor lines each carrying millions of passengers annually supporting access to jobs, education and recreation.
While rail services are 170 years old, the iconic Adelaide Railway Station building is not. The North Terrace landmark opened in 1928, replacing the original station that had served the city for more than 70 years.
With the building’s centenary now firmly in sight, this anniversary recognises something even older – the longstanding role rail has played in linking South Australians to each other and to the life of metropolitan Adelaide.
Department for Infrastructure and Transport Director Rail Operations Mohit Sareen said Adelaide Railway Station "remains at the heart of our city, with our fleet of 84 trains helping South Australians take almost 12 million trips last year alone".
"We know that patronage continues to increase thanks to constant upgrades to our network and ticketing options," Mr Sareen said.
"Our network continues to meet the needs of a growing city.
"The current station building is approaching 100 years old, but the rail story it represents is far older.
"From that first steam train in 1856, to a network that carries millions of journeys each year, rail has continuall
y adapted to the changing needs of the community while keeping its core purpose the same - connecting people, places and possibilities."
Former youth porter Bob Sampson OAM has fond memories of working at Adelaide Railway Station as a youngster.
"I felt so privileged, being younger, to visit the Adelaide Railway Station for years, catching suburban trains and to visit relatives at Kapunda, to then start work at the station in 1972 as a youth porter at 16 years of age," Mr Sampson, pictured, said.
"What a wonderful time, and so busy with so many trains arriving and departing, and thousands of pigeons being loaded every Friday afternoon as part of a huge interest within the homing pigeon sector, sending their pigeons out to regional areas for release the next morning.
"American born SA Railway Commissioner Webb built the station in 1928 – and it remains an iconic historic structure in Australia. To have worked at the station, and seen many changes to it over the decades, despite modernisation, for me the station structure still oozes with plenty of genuine character."
TRACK FACTS
- The first passenger train departed Adelaide Station on 19 April 1856, carrying the Governor of South Australia and other dignitaries to a celebratory lunch at Port Adelaide.
- The Port line then opened for public service two days later – on 21 April. Passengers hopping aboard Locomotive 1 Adelaide to mark the beginning of a network that would shape how South Australians moved.
- The inaugural steam trains were built in Manchester and named Adelaide, Victoria and Albert.
- Fares generally cost a few shillings per trip but were based on a two-class system.
- The track was a single track, 12km long, and ran via Bowden, Woodville and Alberton. It terminated at the original Port Dock station.
- To start, there were six trains travelling in both directions a day, and just two on Sundays.
- The Adelaide Railway Station is not 170 years old. Today's station opened in 1928 and replaced the original station that had served for more than 70 years. The iconic landmark will celebrate its centenary in 2028.
- Last year SA's train fleet saw almost 12 million validations, an average of more than 226,000 validations every week.
- The Adelaide Metro 84-train fleet has 34 electric and 50 hybrid-diesel trains running a total of 675 train services every weekday.
- The busiest lines are the Seaford, Gawler, and Outer Harbor lines – each carrying millions of people annually.
